Buffalo Springs National Reserve: A Pristine Kenyan Wilderness

Historical Background

Buffalo Springs National Reserve derives its name from an actual spring within its boundaries. The Buffalo Springs themselves are a series of natural springs that provide a year-round water source, critical for the wildlife that inhabits this otherwise arid environment. The reserve was officially established in the early 1970s, in tandem with the creation of other neighboring reserves like Samburu and Shaba, as part of the Kenyan government’s efforts to conserve wildlife and promote eco-tourism.

Historically, this area was home to various Indigenous pastoralist communities, including the Samburu people, whose semi-nomadic lifestyle allowed them to live in harmony with the wildlife. These communities still live in and around the reserve, and their presence adds a rich cultural dimension to any visit.

Landscape and Ecosystem

Buffalo Springs National Reserve’s landscape is diverse and dramatic, characterized by its mix of arid scrubland, rolling plains, and rugged hills. The Ewaso Ng’iro River serves as a lifeline for the reserve, providing water to both wildlife and the human communities that live in the area. Along the riverbanks, you’ll find lush vegetation, including doum palms and riverine forests, which offer a stark contrast to the surrounding dry plains.

The springs within the reserve create small oases of greenery, particularly the Buffalo Springs, which is a popular spot for wildlife to gather during the dry season. The reserve also features several hills, including the Ol Olokwe Mountain, which provides a scenic backdrop and opportunities for hiking and exploration.

Wildlife of Buffalo Springs National Reserve

One of the major attractions of Buffalo Springs National Reserve is its diverse wildlife. The reserve is part of the greater Samburu ecosystem, meaning that it shares many of the same species found in neighboring reserves, but often with fewer tourists, making for a more intimate wildlife experience. The semi-arid environment has shaped the species that inhabit the reserve, many of which are specially adapted to survive in these harsh conditions.

Mammals

• Grevy’s Zebra: Buffalo Springs is one of the best places in Kenya to see the endangered Grevy’s zebra, which is distinguishable from the more common plains zebra by its narrower stripes and white belly. Grevy’s zebras are better suited to arid environments, making the reserve an ideal habitat for them.
• Reticulated Giraffe: Another species unique to this part of Kenya is the reticulated giraffe, recognizable by its striking geometric patterns. These giraffes are found only in northern Kenya, making them a special sight for visitors to Buffalo Springs.
• Elephants: Large herds of African elephants are commonly seen in the reserve, especially near the river where they come to drink and bathe. The elephants in Buffalo Springs are part of the same population that roams across the Samburu ecosystem.
• Big Cats: Predators like lions, leopards, and cheetahs are also prevalent in the reserve, particularly near water sources where prey species gather. Lions are often seen lounging in the shade, while leopards, which are more elusive, tend to be spotted in the dense vegetation along the riverbanks.
• Beisa Oryx and Gerenuk: Buffalo Springs is home to other species adapted to dry environments, including the beisa oryx, with its long, straight horns, and the gerenuk, a type of antelope known for its ability to stand on its hind legs to reach leaves on high branches.

Birds

Buffalo Springs is a birder’s paradise, with over 350 recorded bird species. Notable species include:

• Somali ostrich: This is another species found primarily in northern Kenya, distinguishable by its bluish-gray legs and neck, compared to the pink legs of the common ostrich.
• Martial eagle: One of Africa’s largest eagles, often seen soaring high above the plains in search of prey.
• Kingfishers and bee-eaters: These colorful birds are commonly seen along the river, where they hunt for insects and fish.

Best Time to Visit Buffalo Springs national Reserve

The best time to visit Buffalo Springs National Reserve is during the dry season, which runs from June to October. During this time, the vegetation is less dense, making it easier to spot wildlife, and animals tend to congregate near water sources, offering excellent game-viewing opportunities. The weather is also more comfortable during the dry season, with cooler mornings and evenings.

The wet season, from November to May, is also a good time to visit, especially for bird watching, as many migratory species arrive during this period. However, the roads can become muddy and difficult to navigate, and wildlife is more dispersed due to the abundance of water.

Best Things To Do At Buffalo Springs National Park

Buffalo Springs National Reserve offers a wide range of activities for visitors, allowing them to experience its wildlife and landscapes in various ways.

Game Drives

The most popular activity in Buffalo Springs is the game drive, where visitors can explore the reserve in 4×4 vehicles, guided by experienced rangers. Game drives are usually conducted early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the animals are most active. This is the best way to see large mammals like elephants, lions, and zebras, as well as smaller species like jackals and hyenas.

Guided Walks

For those looking to get closer to nature, guided walking safaris are available in certain areas of the reserve. These walks are led by knowledgeable guides who can point out smaller wildlife, plants, and bird species that might be missed during a game drive.

Bird Watching

As mentioned earlier, Buffalo Springs is a fantastic destination for bird watching. Birders can spend hours observing species along the riverbanks or in the open plains, where birds of prey like eagles and vultures can be seen soaring overhead.

Cultural Experiences

A visit to Buffalo Springs also offers an opportunity to engage with the local Samburu communities. Many lodges in the area organize visits to nearby villages, where guests can learn about Samburu traditions, including their semi-nomadic lifestyle, beadwork, and traditional dances. These experiences provide insight into the lives of the people who have lived in harmony with the wildlife for centuries.

Conservation Efforts

Buffalo Springs National Reserve is part of Kenya’s broader conservation strategy, which focuses on protecting critical habitats and the species that depend on them. One of the key conservation efforts in the reserve is the protection of endangered species like Grevy’s zebra and reticulated giraffe. The reserve works with various non-governmental organizations, including the Grevy’s Zebra Trust, to monitor populations and reduce threats like poaching and habitat loss.

Anti-poaching efforts are also a significant part of the conservation work in Buffalo Springs. Rangers patrol the reserve, working to prevent illegal hunting and ensuring that wildlife populations remain healthy. The presence of eco-tourism in the reserve helps fund these conservation efforts, with entry fees and lodge revenues contributing directly to wildlife protection.

Lodges and Accommodation in Buffalo Springs National Reserve

There are several excellent lodges and camps in and around Buffalo Springs National Reserve, offering a range of accommodation options to suit different budgets. Some of the most popular lodges include:

• Samburu Intrepids Camp: A luxury tented camp located near the Ewaso Ng’iro River, offering stunning views and a prime location for game viewing.
• Ashnil Samburu Camp: Another upscale option, with spacious tents, a swimming pool, and easy access to the reserve’s wildlife.
• Samburu Sopa Lodge: A more affordable option, with comfortable accommodations and excellent views of the surrounding landscape.